An Outline of Global Climate Change on Earth

An Outline of Global Climate Change on Earth There is no uncertainty that the gathering proof is recommending that the Earth’s atmosphere is consistently changing in direct outcome in view of human movement. The most significant of which causes the arrival of ozone depleting substances into the air from petroleum products. A report from the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) evaluated the Earth’s normal land and ocean surface temperature has expanded by 0.6 Ââ ± 0.2 degrees Celsius since the center of the nineteenth century (â€Å"Climate Change 2014†). The biggest pieces of progress have happened after 1976. The temperature isn't the main thing to change on Earth. The models of precipitation have additionally changed. The drier districts of Earth are getting drier, in the interim different territories are getting wetter. In the areas where precipitation has flooded there has been an inconsistent lift in the predominance of the heaviest precipitation events. Moreove r, the IPCC has presumed that if no particular moves are made to diminish ozone depleting substance outflows, the Earth’s temperatures will probably ascend somewhere in the range of 1.4 and 5.8 à ¢Ã«â€ Ã¥ ¾ C from 1990 to 2100 (â€Å"Findings of the IPCC†). These estimates wind speed and precipitation are not as predictable, yet they additionally propose noteworthy changes. By and large, people are familiar with changing climatic conditions that shift on a day by day, occasional, or yearly timescale. Expanding proof proposes that notwithstanding this common environmental change, normal climatic conditions estimated over a time of thirty years or longer are likewise changing significantly more than the characteristic varieties reported in the timespans of decades or hundreds of years. As time is going on the comprehension of these causes are turning out to be increasingly comprehended. Climatologists have looked at atmosphere model reproductions of the impacts of ozone depleting substance outflows to that of the watched atmosphere changes of the past. They have additionally assessed the conceivable characteristic impacts to incorporate sun based and volcanic action. Climatologists have presumed that there is new and solid proof that most of the an Earth-wide temperature boost saw throughout the most recent fifty years is destined to be inferable from human exercises. A dangerous atmospheric devation has been archived and seen in all landmasses with the biggest temperature changes occurring at the center and high scopes of the Northern Hemisphere. The miniscule measure of climatic change that has just happened so far has effectsly affected an enormous assortment of regular environments. Over the period 1948 to 2013, the normal yearly temperature in Canada has warmed by 1.6  °C (comparative with the 1961-1990 normal), a higher pace of warming than in most different locales of the world (â€Å"Impacts of Climate Change†). There are atm osphere model recreations that have been utilized to gauge the impacts of the Earth’s past, present, and future ozone harming substance outflows on atmosphere changes. These models depend on the information of the warmth keeping properties of gases discharged into the air from man-made and regular sources. Likewise the deliberate climatic impacts of other characteristic marvels is utilized. The models utilized by the IPCC have been ensured by testing their capacity to clarify atmosphere changes that previously occurred in the Earth’s past. For the most part, the models can give average evaluations of past examples just when man-made outflows of non-ozone harming substance air contaminations are incorporated to go with the common wonders. This underscores the models show a decent gauge of the atmosphere framework, common vacillations are significant supporters of climatic changes regardless of whether they can't adequately clarify past patterns all alone, and man-made o zone harming substance discharges are an imperative supporter of atmosphere designs and are unquestionably liable to remain so going ahead.

Korean Writer, Kim, Jin-Myung essays

Korean Writer, Kim, Jin-Myung articles The same number of you previously knew about his name, he is one of the most acclaimed fiction authors in Korea. In the event that one peruses his book, he is immediately attracted into the book and become an enthusiast of him. At that point, what is this mystical force that makes everybody to like him? Today, in this presention, I will go over what is thought about him his works. He was brought into the world 1957 in Busan, grew up and graduated in Hankuk University of Foreign Studies(which is Çã'⠹⠿ãÅ"⠹â ¾iã‡ã Ã¢ ³). He preferred recorded and philosophical books so much that in any event, when he was in High School years, the time the greater part of Korean researchers concentrate hard to get into great colleges, he read such books and had addresses on his individual cohorts. His this trademark didn't leave when he was in college, and he generally read a wide range of books as opposed to reading for his assessment. In any case after his graduation, his family wasn't in such a decent condition. His more seasoned sibling was tormented extremely hard for taking an interest in Ãâ€"Çãâ€"I in his millitary years, which came about him become an intellectually disabilitated individual and pass on barely any years after. His dad was stunned from the passing of his more established child and kicked the bucket of liquor. To spare his family, K im-Jin Myung began a business, yet neglected to acheive achievement. But since of his business experience, he had the option to investigate of Korea and was dazzle by the efficient social frameworks. So he settled on his choice to acquire his sibling's aim of work for progression of Korean culture. From that time on, he began composing books and hardly any years after the fact, he kept in touch with one of the most adored book in Korea, entitled  ¹Ã£Æ'ãˆâ ­Ã¢ ²Ã£â€°Ã£Å" Çã‡â ¾Ã£ ºÃ¢ ½Ã£ Ã£â„¢. Considerably after this book, he kept composing such book and he is as yet adored especially by Korean perusers. So now how about we look why his books are needed to a lot. He distributed numerous books and still in procedure of composing and distributing them. ... <!

How The Beliefs, Values And Attitudes Of The Nurse May Impact Upon The Provision Of Person-centred Care - Free Essay Example

Provide a critical analysis of how the beliefs, values and attitudes of the nurse may impact upon the provision of person-centred care Introduction The person-centred care approach focuses holistically on the patient as an individual, rather than their diagnosis or symptoms, and ensures that their needs and choices are heard and respected. According to Draper Tetley (2013: n.p.), person-centred care is defined as an approach to nursing that focuses on the individuals personal needs, wants, desires and goals, so that they become central to their care and the nursing process. This can mean putting the persons needs, as they define them, above those identified as priorities by healthcare professionals. Theoretically, this is an achievable aim à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" nursesas a matter of principle should provide care that respects the diversity of the values, needs, choices and preferences of those in their care à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" but how can any incongruity between the values, beliefs and attitudes of the patient and those of the nurse be reconciled? Is it inevitable that this dissonance will have a negative impact on the quality of person-centred care being provided? This essay will examine the beliefs, values and attitudes of nurses planning and delivering person-centred care, and the impact these issues can have on the provision of that care. Nurses are expected to practice in a caring, knowledgeable, professional, courteous and non-judgemental manner, and the majority do this as a matter of principle, displaying unconditional positive regard for their patients at all times. However, values, beliefs and attitudes are, of course, subjective to each individual, and in the context of delivering person-centred nursing care, it is important to identify those that are holistic and therapeutic, rather than focussing only on those that are not. According to Brink Skott (2013), some diagnoses lead to preconceptions about the individuals receiving them, which subsequently negatively influence their care and treatment. This can be particularly evident in the case of mental illness, which is often mired in stigma, fear, ignorance and discrimination. Research undertaken by Chambers et al (2010: pp. 350) found that Stigma on the part of mental health professionals affects the quality of care provided for those with mental health problems, as well as their rates of recovery. Although nurses working within the field of mental health will obviously have more developed skills and knowledge in this subject than those in other specialities of nursing, it is not inconceivable that nurses may harbour some preconceptions about mental illnesses and those diagnosed with them, which may impact on how positively they deliver care to those patients. Those requiring treatment for alcohol abuse or substance misuse may also experience a less empathetic experience in the care of nurses, who may feel that the condition is self-inflicted, or that resources may be better utilised elsewhere. This attitude may be even more prevalent in cases of liver transplant due to alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver, when there may be a misplaced belief that another recipient is more deserving of the organ. Other morbidities which can be perceived as having a self-inflicted element (e.g. obesity, smoking-related illnesses, type-II diabetes, add ictions) also have the potential to be perceived negatively by nursing staff, who may lack an appropriate level of empathy and compassion, or make assumptions and pre-conceptions about these patients based on their diagnoses. In a similar manner, patients attempting suicide or deliberately self-harming, may experience stigma, a lack of sympathy and a lack of understanding from nursing staff, especially if the nurse managing their care is also involved in the care of patients suffering from serious illnesses or conditions. Caring for patients attending accident and emergency departments due to para-suicide or deliberate self-harm can evoke extremely negative emotions and attitudes amongst the nursing staff caring for them. Nurses working with such patients report experiencing high levels of ambivalence and frustration. Additionally, deliberately self-harming patients may evoke negative attitudes such as anxiety, anger, and lack of empathy (Ouzouni Nakakis 2013). A suicidal patien t voicing their desire to end their life is expressing a wish. However, in the context of person-centred care, it would be difficult to agree that this wish should be considered as a person-centred need. This could be a source of conflict, difficulty and dissonance as balancing the needs and wishes of the patient in this situation, contradicts entirely the nurses duty of care. In such circumstances, it could be argued that the care provided cannot be person-centred, as it is not in line with the patients wishes. Obviously it would be neither legal nor ethical for the nurse to allow a suicidal patient to actively attempt to end their life whilst under their care, or to comply with the patients wishes not to receive treatment if suicide had been attempted. Similar ethical considerations may also influence the treatment of patients undergoing procedures to terminate pregnancy, and may negatively influence the extent to which the care received by the patient is truly person-centred. There have been well-documented cases of nurses refusing to assist with these procedures, or to treat patients who have undergone them post-operatively. Predominantly such cases arise due to a conflict with the religious beliefs, moral convictions and ethical stance of the nurses being asked to assist with these procedures. The Nursing Midwifery Council (2015) states that Nurses and midwives must at all times keep to the principles contained within The Code: Professional standards of practice and behaviour of nurses and midwives (2015: n.p.). This code states that nurses and midwives who have a conscientious objection must tell colleagues, their manager and the person receiving care that they have a conscientious objection to a particular procedure. They must arrange for a suitably qualified colleague to take over responsibility for that persons care. Nurses and midwives may lawfully have conscientious objections in two areas only. Firstly, Article 4(1) of the Abortion Act 1967 (Scotland, England and Wales). This provision allows nurses and midwives to refuse to participate in the process of treatment which results in the termination of a pregnancy because they have a conscientious objection, except where it is necessary to save the life or prevent grave permanent injury to the physical or mental health of a pregnant woman. Secondly, Article 38 of the Human and Fertilisation and Embryology Act (1990). This provision allows nurses and midwives the right to refuse to participate in technological procedures to achieve conception and pregnancy because they have a conscientious objection. This is a highly contentious and emotive issue, and one which attracts much ongoing debate and argument, and is significant as it can be asked at what point does a nurses own beliefs and values take precedence over their responsibility and duty to care for their patients needs, whatever they might be? Should nurses be permitted to refuse to participate in care procedures that contradict their values or beliefs, or to refuse to provide care to those they deem undeserving? Does this set a worrying precedent for other contentious procedures to be added to the list (gender reassignment surgery for example)? It could be argued that the nurses first responsibility should be their duty of care to their patient, and this surely requires them to take a holistic and person-centred view; a view that should not be clouded by the nurses own values system or moral standpoint. The aspects of person-centred care discussed so far in this essay have been those of a contentious and perhaps, more exceptional nature. However, the more routine, day-to-day aspects of nursing are also susceptible to the influence of nurses values, beliefs and attitudes negatively impacting on the quality of person-centred care provision. Giving patients a greater degree of autonomy over their care can lead to some discord as nurses may feel that their professional expertise is being disregar ded, and may be concerned that patients informed opinions and decisions about their care may be detrimental to recovery or good health. This could lead to nurses adopting a didactic attitude in the belief that they know best, when the patient is equally certain that their decision is the right one for them. Nurses must always ensure that they are viewing the patient as a whole person, and not merely an illness or condition to be treated or managed, as this can lead to ambivalence as nurses attempt to reconcile their desire to deliver effective, evidenced-based care, knowing that patients stated wishes or preferences are contrary to this aim. However, if the patient is deemed to have capacity to make informed decisions about their care and treatment, with all the facts at their disposal, nurses must accept this if good, person-centred care is to be delivered (NHS Choices 2014). In the event that the patient does not have the capacity to make informed decisions (e.g. patients sufferin g from more advanced forms of dementia), then any known pre-morbid preferences and choices should be documented and adhered to where this is practicable. There is always a danger that individuals with dementia receive care that is task-orientated rather than person-centred. Again, nurses may make assumptions regarding what is best for the patient, rather than respecting their choices and preferences. One of the easiest ways to ensure that care is person-centred is to gather collateral about each patient prior to care or treatment commencing, so a more rounded picture can be formed. This is particularly important when dealing with people from diverse cultural backgrounds, as lack of cultural understanding and tolerance can lead to damaging misconceptions, misunderstandings and unintentional offence, which will not engender good person-centred care. Having some knowledge of patients history and background prior to treatment can be a useful tool in terms of developing appropriate ca re. The flip-side to this however is that unhelpful stereotypes or prejudices may be formed by nursing staff, based on the current or historical background of the patient. Gender (including gender identify), race, age, religious affiliation, employment status, marital status, and educational and socio-economic background can lead to assumptions (both positive and negative) being formed by nursing staff. Whilst the majority of nurses will treat their patients with unconditional positive regard and courtesy, regardless of issues that may be at odds with their own beliefs, values and attitudes, there will always be a minority who will be affected by such issues, and who will allow it to influence the care they provide. The scale of this issue is difficult to quantify, due to a lack of available evidence-based research, but it could be said that one nurse whose attitude negatively impacts on person-centred care is one nurse too many. Conclusion We have explored some of the more contentious issues that can and do arise when nurses beliefs, values and attitudes do not correspond with those of their patients, and have examined the potential impact this can have on the quality of person-centred care provided. As little research has been carried out into this subject, it is not possible to quantify the scale of the problem, nor to accurately identify where it is most prevalent. However, it is safe to say that the dichotomy between delivering truly person-centred care, whilst reconciling challenges to the nurses own core beliefs and values is not one easily solved. Modern nurses are extensively trained and highly skilled professionals, with a wider remit and range of responsibilities than their predecessors. They are however fundamentally human, with the same character flaws and failings as anyone else. It is a completely human trait to be influenced by the information we perceive or receive about others, and everyone has innat e beliefs and value systems and, whether we like it or not, innate prejudices. Although it would seem logical that professional nurses have a well-developed sense of understanding and equality, they also deal with a magnitude of very diverse people on a daily basis, generally having very limited time with each. Despite this, the majority of nurses deliver excellent, patient-focussed and person-centred care as a matter of course. Unfortunately there will always be a minority who do not. Nurse education programmes are constantly evolving to meet the shifting demands of health care, so it can only be hoped that recognising, challenging and improving unhelpful attitudes becomes an accepted part of nurse education, and becomes core to person-centred care provision. References/Bibliography: Baker J., Richards A. Campbell M. (2005). Nursing attitudes towards acute mental health care: development of a measurement tool. Journal of Advances Nursing. (49) (5) pp. 522-529. Brink E. Skott C. (2013). Caring about symptoms in person-centred care. Open Journal of Nursing (3) pp. 563-567. Chambers M., Guise V., VÃÆ' ¤limÃÆ' ¤ki M., Botelho M., Scott A., StaniulienÃÆ' © V. Zanotti R. (2010). Nurses attitudes to mental illness: A comparison of a sample of nurses from five European countries. International Journal of Nursing Studies. (47) (3) pp. 350-362. Dorsen C. (2012). An integrative review of nurse attitudes towards lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender patients. The Canadian Journal of Nursing Research. (44) (3) pp. 8-43. Draper J. Tetley J. (2013). The importance of person-centred approaches to nursing care. The Open University. (Online). Available: https://www.open.edu/openlearn/body-mind/health/nursing/the-Importance-person-centred-approaches-nur sing-care. Last accessed 4 April 2015. Flagg A. (2015). The Role of Patient-Centered Care in Nursing. Nursing Clinics of North America. (50) (1) pp. 75-86. Hunter P., Hadjistavropoulos T., Smythe W., Malloy D., Kaasalainen S. Williams J. (2013). The Personhood in Dementia Questionnaire (PDQ): Establishing an association between beliefs about personhood and health providers approaches to person-centred care. Journal of Aging Studies. (27) (3) pp. 276-287. N.H.S. U.K. (2014). Consent to Treatment. N.H.S. Choices (Online). Available: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/consent-to-treatment/pages/introduction.aspx. Last accessed 5 Apr 2015 N.H.S. U.K. (2014). Assessing Capacity. N.H.S. Choices (Online). Available: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/consent-to-treatment/pages/capacity.aspx. Last accessed 5 Apr 2015. N.M.C. (2015). Conscientious objection by nurses and midwives. Nursing Midwifery Council (Online). Available: https://www.nmc-uk.org/The-Code/Conscientious-objection-by -nurses-and-midwives-/. Last accessed 5 Apr 2015. Ouzouni C. Nakakis K. (2013). Nurses attitudes towards attempted suicide. Health Science Journal. (7) (1) pp. 120. Roberts G., Morley C., Walters W., Malta S. Doyle C. (2015). Caring for people with dementia in residential aged care: Successes with a composite person-centered care model featuring Montessori-based activities. Geriatric Nursing. (36) (2) pp.106-110. UK Government. (1967). Abortion Act 1967 (Scotland, England and Wales). The National Archives. (Online). Available: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1967/87. Last accessed 5 Apr 2015. UK Government. (1990). Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990. The National Archives. (Online). Available: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1990/37/section/38. Last accessed 5 Apr 2015. Wood L., Birtel M., Alsawy S., Pyle M. Morrison A. (2014). Public perceptions of stigma towards people with schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety. Psychiatry Research. (220) (1-2 ), pp. 604-608. Yun-e L., Norman I. While A. (2012). Nurses attitudes towards older people: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies. (50) (9) pp.1271à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"1282.

Gender Is Socially Constructed By Society - 861 Words

When they say that gender is socially constructed, it is related to the notion that gender is created and influenced by society. Feminine and masculine norms are constructed by what society defines as appropriate for both males and females. These characteristics then, create gender roles and gender stereotypes in which society places both females and males into and accountable for fulfilling. An example of this, is how society perceives females to be more delicate and more suited for caregiving orientated careers and males to be more intelligent and suitable for careers dealing with mathematics or in politics. By instilling those types of stigmas, society is creating a barrier between both genders, where what is expected from one gender is then utilized to define norms for the other gender. One’s gender is also defined by society based on sex. Both males and females are viewed differently based on biological differences, where one’s genetic make-up, chromosomes, hormones and reproductive organs are utilized by society as a sorting mechanism that determines whether an individual is deemed to be either a male or female. In the Kimmel and Aronson book, Kimmel it goes into further detail where he states that, â€Å"Our biological sex provides the raw material for our development...but biological sex varies little and yet the cultural definitions of gender vary enormously,† (Kimmel, 2014, pg. 3). 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Creating a role for race is racismRead MoreThe Human Mind And Behavior As Individuals And Small Groups984 Words   |  4 PagesA. Unlike psychology which focuses on leaning the human mind and behavior as individuals and small groups, sociology is the course to study human social relations and the society itself. Sociology focuses on explaining societal behavior by studying how gender, race, social classes, religion, socioeconomic status, and sexuality can associate with the overall culture. Example of sociology, social stratification, sociology will lean about how social stratification is formed and how it divides the people

Cancer Is The Uncontrolled Growth Of Cells, And Is A Major...

Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells, and is a major cause of death throughout the world. The development of cancer chemotherapeutics began in the 1940s [Shewach, D. and Kuchta, R, 2009] and very early drugs were based on nitrogen mustards, agents similar to mustard gas. Sulphur mustard gas was used as chemical warfare in World War I (WWI), and this led to new approaches for cancer therapeutics. These traditional chemotherapeutic compounds however, can attack cell division in a cancerous, as well as a normal cell, as tumour and normal cells share the same DNA. This leads to several serious side effects. Newer chemotherapeutics, such as the use of monoclonal antibodies, target specific differences between tumour and normal tissue, and therefore do not exhibit such toxicities [Shewach, D. and Kuchta, R, 2009] Toxic gases were a common military weapon in WWI, the most dangerous being the sulphur mustard gas. This gas caused skin irritation, blindness and pulmonary damage [Colvin, M., 2003]. Exposure to this gas, however, also caused bone marrow suppression, and therefore sulphur mustard was labeled an anti-tumour agent. The most frequently used alkylating agents are these nitrogen mustards and cyclophosphamide, the most common of these nitrogen mustards is still used widely today. This drug is not reactive, and undergoes activation inside the body. It can be given orally, intravenously and sometimes even intramuscularly. Inside the body, it undergoes extensiveShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding Air Pollution Causing By Nitrogen Oxide952 Words   |  4 PagesOctober 2013, the World Health organization had declared that air pollution cause by nitrogen oxide to be one of the planet’s most dangerous environmental carcinogens [3]. Air pollution not only causes cardiovascular diseases but it also plays a major role in heart attack, stroke, lung cancer and other chronical diseases. 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It is believed to originate from a single cell whose genetic material has undergone irreversible damage (mutation) often by a foreign noxious agent. The changed cells divide rapidly transferring impaired genetic material to their offspring. A group of such cells is known as neoplasm, which literally means new growth. In popular terminology neoplasms are simplyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Day I Die 2937 Words   |  12 PagesRak czy nie Rak (Cancer or Not) â€Å"Oskar chodÃ… º tutaj szybko!† my mom called in Polish from the living room; as I was playing upstairs with my power ranger toys. She was yelling for me to come down for something that I, being the usual four-year old boy that I was, pretended I didn’t hear. After about a minute of her pleading I felt bad, because I could sense a tone of sorrow in her voice. This next scene I will remember truly until the day I die. Down the creaky stairs I went cheerful as ever, but

Child Labour A Historically Important Role With Future Repercussions Essay Example For Students

Child Labour: A Historically Important Role With Future Repercussions Essay In a modern society that views childhood as not only an important part of one’s life but as a fundamental growing stage, the idea of child labour has taken on a severely negative connotation; so much so that as consumers we attempt to remove ourselves from any countries that associate with this practice. However Canada during the late 19th and early 20th century used child labour as a major workforce and had 80’000 immigrant child workers migrating to Canada largely from Great Britain. The development and use of child labour during the 19th and early 20th century was a manifestation of the need for children to economically support their families, however it was the availability of children from mass rises in British immigration, supplemented by a lack policy in place for the protection of children that created a rise in the use of children for work purposes; despite this a compilation of factors including both changing ideas of childhood and the effects of labour and delinquency , the dangers of industrial work and most prominently the idea of education and its importance had profound effects of the decline of child labour in the mid 20th century. A profound factor that forced this type of labour on Canada was the massive immigration of children during this period from Brit ain. For the most part these children were from the streets of Great Britain brought over by rescue or missionary groups. These groups would take children from the streets and sent them to Canada via these rescue programs and from there they would be re-introduced into society into better home, however these homes required funding for taking on a new child and so because no policies existed to prevent children from working, it was of better benefit to the c. .bour in Canada, and allowed for a transition into what we consider today to be normal working conditions and ages for children. Canadian perspective has obviously changed since this time of child labour and its use in Canada specifically, but during this time it represented necessary labour force in order to sustain families during a time of economic hardship. Through its benefits of supporting families in both urban and rural setting it was a necessary evil in during this time in Canadian history; however changing policies pushing for an educated population and a clearer understanding of the dangers involved in the workforce led to a consensus nationwide that child labour although necessary at one point was no longer necessary and instead a danger to a population which was already falling into crime and unnecessary injury.

The Expression of Gratitude Essay Example For Students

The Expression of Gratitude Essay The purpose of this study was to test the effect of verbal expression of gratitude on relationship satisfaction. It was hypothesized that participants who expressed gratitude in a close relationship would have greater relationship satisfaction than those who did not express gratitude. At the end of the study, the experimental condition had a higher relationship satisfaction after gratitude expression, than the control condition after expression. For the experimental condition, relationship satisfaction after gratitude expression was significantly higher than before expression, while for the control, relationship satisfaction after expression was not significantly different than before expression. Thus, the hypothesis was supported. The current study indicates broader implications of gratitude expression that lie beyond relationship satisfaction. Since displays of appreciation suggest an increase in relationship satisfaction, gratitude can lead to longer lasting relationships between partners, and thus produce an overall decrease in divorce rates in society. Gratitude expression can also serve as positive reinforcement, with appreciation promoting re-occurrences of certain desirable acts. Specifically, following gratitude expression, recipients may be more likely to repeat a favor, or go along with an unfavorable idea a second time, and this can apply to business environments. Showing appreciation to buyers after purchases, in form of gift certificates or discounts, may strengthen bonds between customers and marketers, and encourage buyers to make future purchases. In fact, Carey et al. reported a 2% increase in store sales after customers were thanked over the phone for their purchases (1976). Although findings of thi. .e of college freshman. Cognition and Emotion, 9, 59-85. Pruyser, P. We will write a custom essay on The Expression of Gratitude specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now W. (1976). The minister as diagnostician: Personal problems in pastoral perspective. Philadelphia: Westminster Press. Saad, G. Gill, T. (2003). An evolutionary psychology perspective on gift-giving among young adults. Psychology Marketing, 20, 765-784. Simmel, G. (1950). The sociology of Georg Simmel. Glencoe, IL: Free Press. Simon, R. W., Nath, L. E. (2004). Gender and emotion in the United States: Do men and women differ in self reports of feelings or expressive behavior? American Journal of Sociology, 109, 1137-1176. Tesser, A., Gatewood, R., Driver, M. (1968). Some determinants of gratitude. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, 233-236. Walker, L.J., Pitts, R.C. (1998). Naturalistic conceptions of moral maturity. Developmental Psychology, 34, 403-419.

Bigotry in America essays

Bigotry in America essays In order to stop racism you must first star at the home. Bigotry and racism are the types of beliefs that are brought up through families. If a child is raised in a racist home than that child is likely to carry those beliefs with him or her and eventually on to their children. In order to stop this cycle you must start with the children. It is easier to implement your ideals on a child than to change the opinions of an adult. Then you must give it time. It is only over time that any results will take place. Martin Luther King Jr. was a pacifist that would not stand for physical confrontation. Instead he repelled bigotry with soul force. This meant that he would use his spirit to overcome anyone that stood in his way towards equality. It was through his belief in God and his self-determination that allowed Dr. King to carry on with the movement. Dr. King felt that a violent retaliation would only harm the civil rights movement. To give in to the hatred would mean you are sinking to the same level of the people who are repressing you. Through Dr. Kings language from the bible he is able to reach a common ground that many people can identify with. This is especially evident in the 1960s because there was a deep-rooted sense of religion. Also, with this approach Dr. King adds a wholesome appeal to his speech. By using religion he isnt ranting, but rather preaching. His words and his passion seem as though God guides them. The religious factor also appears to add importance to his speech. Both of these men base their religious backgrounds for each of their social beliefs and the paths they have chosen in life. They portray these aspirations through the quotes they use. Mr. Feuerstein says, In a situation where there is no righteous person, try to be a righteous person. He means when there is a situation like his where hope seems lost you should never lose faith. That you should ...

Fires in Underground Transport Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Fires in Underground Transport Systems - Essay Example Invisible flames and clean wood smoke caused misinterpretations among emergency response teams. In addition to 31 deaths, more than 60 people got hurt ranging from smoke inhalation to severe burns. Kaprun fire disaster The Kaprun fire disaster occurred at the Gletscherbahn 2 railway tunnel in Austria on 11th November 2000. The disaster killed 155 people; 12 people including 10 Germans and 2 Austrian were the only survivors of the catastrophe. As Carvel et al (2005, p. 6) claim, the unscientific infrastructure of the railway car greatly added to the disaster. To illustrate, the unit had kept its fire extinguishers out of the travellers’ reach and there were no smoke detectors on the board. The fire was ignited by an electric heater at the lower end of the train evidently due to a faulty design. The braking system pipes containing flammable hydraulic fluid were quickly melted and this condition resulted in an unexpected halt of the train. The intense fire damaged the emergency e xit systems of the train and therefore majority of the passengers were trapped in the train. Prior to the Kaprun disaster, designers had held a general view that fire would not occur in a funicular cabin. 1995 Baku Metro fire According to Fridolf (2010), the fire occurred in the subway system in Baku, the capital city of Azerbaijan, on 28th October 1995 claimed the lives of 289 people. Electrical malfunction is believed to be the ultimate cause of the disaster even though there alleged to have a deliberate sabotage. Although 95% of the passengers survived the disaster, it remains the world’s deadliest fire in the underground transport system (ibid). Firstly, passengers observed white smoke, which was quickly turned to thick black smoke and caused... From this research it is clear that underground transportation systems planned and built these days are obviously very complex and vulnerable to fire accidents. Evidences show that fire accidents in the recent past caused extreme damages to people and property alike. Due to the spatial limitations of an underground transportation system, tunnel fires hinder all ‘rescue and repair’ operations and hence add to the intensity of the catastrophe. In addition, unlike other accident scenarios, passengers are less aware of the sources of danger and may not have clear and coherent information. This situation will also become a barrier to evacuation measures and increase the magnitude of the disaster. As Julga argues, technical defects and accidents are the two fundamental causes of fires in underground transportation systems. Although a variety of fire resisting tunnel transportation technologies have been developed recently, none of them is potential enough to completely elimina te the danger of fire. Some of the recent fire accidents in underground transportations systems are described in the paper. They would help one to understand the seriousness of the issue. There are two fundamental causes for fires in underground transportations systems: technical defects and accidents. Evidences suggest that technical defects are the main causes of majority of underground tunnel fires. The discussion altogether indicates that fires in underground transport result in dreadful impacts including human and material damage and immeasurable socio-economic losses.

Critical appraisal in clinical practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Critical appraisal in clinical practice - Essay Example It is of particular interest to me because various studies have been carried out on pain management and assessment, and I believe that establishing which studies provide the best evidence on care would also assist me in my delivery of health services (Hammer and Collinson, 1999). This paper shall first present the method by which the studies were selected. It shall be followed by the critical summaries and then by the appraisal of method. Finally, a synthesis of findings and reflection on practice will also be presented. Body Selection of papers In the selection of the papers, I entered the following search words in Google Scholar; post-operative + nursing care, post-operative issues + nursing, pain assessment + post-operative nursing. Search results were further narrowed down using the following additional parameters: past 10 years, and results from the following databases: EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed, and the Cochrane databases. Articles found were further narrowed down based on advance d search parameters, covering meta-analysis and other scholarly types of research. The credibility of the authors was also evaluated, assessing their expertise on the subject of the research. Critical summaries In the study by Blondal and Halldorsdottir (2008), the authors attempted to establish a though understanding of nurses’ experiences in the management of patients in pain. The authors understood that despite improved knowledge on patient care, these patients were still suffering from issues in relation to pain and nurses are the primary health professionals which can help relieve these symptoms. The authors carried out their study as a phenomenological study covering 20 dialogues with 10 experienced nurses. The research process revealed that caring for patients in pain is a major challenge for many nurses and nurses seem to feel a moral obligation to ease patient’s pain. Moreover, these nurses feel that they face a challenge in managing patient’s pain in t erms of how they read their patient, how they deal with moral conflicts, and organizational issues. The authors also concluded that nurses require different patterns of knowledge and a favourable work environment in order to improve their pain management skills. In the study by Al-Shaer, et.al., (2011), the nurses’ knowledge and attitudes regarding pain assessment and intervention was considered. The authors undertook their study as a non-experimental, descriptive design, based on a convenience sample of 129 registered nurses working in various units of a Midwestern metropolitan hospital. The authors covered registered nurses on their knowledge and attitudes on pain management and the results indicated that their knowledge of pain management principles and interventions seem to be insufficient. Although the results of this study do indicate high knowledge scores, some nurses indicate an inadequate ability to care for patients experiencing pain. The authors were also able to a cknowledge the fact that pain is a subjective experience and that nurses must not base their assessments on their personal beliefs of judgments. Critical review 1. Appraisal of method In the study by Blondal, the problem was specifically and clearly stated by the authors and it had sufficient background information in order to

Bureaucratic budgetary process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Bureaucratic budgetary process - Essay Example The social work profession must be able to confront the issues that have arisen because of the dramatic increases to longevity accomplished in the 20th century, and social workers must be ready to meet the distinctive needs of the countrys rapidly expanding aging population. The increase in the number of elderly necessitates an increase in the number of social workers equipped to deal with the specific challenges of the elderly. However, at this point, workers currently working in the field note that there is a desperate shortage in the number of social workers who have the specialized knowledge and skills required to care for the elderly population. In addition to this there is a need of improving in the field of knowledge and restoring the up gradation of the techniques required in subject. Technologies change, time changes and along it the principals of management in the field of old age care change and it is only logical to take the most of the technologies available monitored by newly applied principals. Consisted of exercises that would help them share memories and feelings about common subjects and enhance feelings of belonging, share personal background to increase understanding of self and others, stimulate reminiscence to enhance feelings of identity and self-worth, promote resolution of past emotional issues, promote interpersonal awareness by increasing knowledge about the backgrounds of others, work through unfinished or unresolved feelings about mother or mother figure/father or father figure, and practice reminiscence in a group setting to strengthen identity and self-esteem. Everyone participated with guidance and direction on the topic at hand. As a leader of this group I acted more as a facilitator and listener. I had to get the group involved by directly asking them questions one at a time. Thus, it can be stated that the goal of the study was to improve recall, cognition, and communication skills along with

hamlet: sanity vs insanity Essay example -- essays research papers

As stated by Ms. Turk, â€Å"If a person in a rational state of mind decides to act crazy, to abuse the people around him regardless of whether he loves those people or hates them, and to give free expression to all his antisocial thoughts, when he starts to carry out those actions, its it possible to say at what point the stops pretending and starts actually being crazy?†. In Hamlet by William Shakespeare, the way others interpret Hamlet’s behavior is different from the way Hamlet views himself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hamlet is in a situation where his sanity is turning into insanity. He is like one of those people who tell so many lies that they start believing their own lies. Hamlet’s acting is so vivid to him that, unconsciously, his state of mind has become irrational. He is turning against everyone in order to follow the orders of revenge from his father’s ghost. In order to do so, he is finding any possible way to bring out the guilt in everyone due to his father’s murder. In Act III, scene ii, Hamlet has written parts for players to put on a show for Claudius in order for him to bring out the guilt within Claudius. The play doesn’t affect Claudius until it is revealed that Lucianus, the kings nephew, is the one that kills the king. Claudius then cries out due to the fear of Hamlet killing him. Also, in this scene, Hamlet admired Horatio’s level-headedness and calmness because those are some qualities that Hamlet lacks. Hamlet tries to b reak his mother down in Act ...

Parents Who Have a Severely Disabled Child Should Be Allowed to Euthanize Them Essay

Some people call it mercy killing, others call it murder. This is a tough question for every parent in the word who has severely disabled child that will never be able to recognize them or even understands who he or she is and why. This problem has occurred over decades and there is a lot of proof that those children are not able to live full lives and some of them are in constant pain. What’s more in some countries euthanasia is allowed (1). Only the improvement of medical treatment is the reason why those children are still alive (2) and this treatment is quite expensive so governmental funds are needed (3). A part of society believes that it is cruel to force severely ill people to live when in normal conditions they would die. Euthanasia is a painless death caused by a medical injection and it is allowed in Brazil, in some occasions in Canada and in some states in the USA. This choice has to be made by the person who wants to be euthanized. If the adult in care or child are not able to make that choice by themselves it automatically means that this procedure cannot be done. In these situations the question of giving rights to choose to another person always occurs. It is a conflict between law and ethics. It would be more ethical to end ones suffering, but the law says that every person has a right to choose and a right to live. Every child has a right to live a life without pain and some of those diseases are incredibly painful even if painkillers are used. So it would be more humane to euthanize the child. As always, if there is seriously ill child a lot of funding is needed. If the parent or guardian does not have money to cover the expenses the governmental funding is needed. Marc Spindelman, a law professor at Ohio State University and an expert in bioethics thinks that politicians starts to look God like, because a single state spends around 2,5 billion a year on severely ill children, yet this amount of money is not enough, so they have to decide who lives and who dies. According to data it costs around 103, 000 $ a year on infant with ventilator and around 100, 000 $ a year on a baby who is connected to feeding tubes (Extreme choices, The right to live or die(n. d.)). If that kind of a choice is given to government there is a question of why it is not given to parents, because they are the ones that will know better whether to continue fighting or to let the child rest in peace. The main reason why nowadays there are more disabled children than in the past is because of medical development. Severely disabled children in past in most cases could not reach adolescence, because of the fact that there was no special medical equipment that could help to keep those children alive, like there is now, for example, feeding tubes. That means that they can survive as long as they are in a hospital or as long as parents or the government have funds to pay medical bills. There is a law in Canada that allows parents to disconnect the feeding tubes, but that means that they will starve to death. That is the main reason why Annette Corriveau wants to euthanize her children Janete and Jeffery. They do not respond and they are not able to move, roll over or even move their hands. They are in vegetative condition for more than ten years and there is only a slight possibility that there will be a medication that might improve their condition. As Annette said in an interview, she thinks that euthanasia would be the best thing that can happen to them, because she would not like to live a life like that and she does not know anyone who would(). Also, some parents are wondering why they can decide to have an abortion during any stage of pregnancy, if a disease is detected, yet cannot give birth to make sure that the child is truly sick and then euthanize him or her. The fact is that despite modern medical equipment there is a slight chance that the doctor might be wrong and parents will kill an innocent and healthy child. If we would follow the law of nature, this kind of question would not even be considered and no one would have to make that kind of a choice. Because of today’s medical equipment we keep alive those who should be resting in peace and putting them through different painful operations and treatments just because of the society’s opinion that euthanasia is considered murder and because we think that living even in vegetative state is better than death. SOURCES: 1. Extreme choices, The right to live or die (n. d.) Retrieved from: http://www.enquirer.com/extremechoices/loc_extremeday2.html ; 2. Taking mercy (8 of March, 2012) Retrieved from: http://www.globalnews.ca/taking+mercy/6442597182/story.html

Vanderbilt University Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Vanderbilt University is a private research university with an acceptance rate of 9.6%. To apply, students can use the  Common Application,  Coalition Application, or Questbridge Application. Vanderbilt University has an Early Decision program that can improve admission chances for students who are sure the university is their top choice school. Considering applying to this highly selective school? Here are the Vanderbilt admissions statistics you should know. Why Vanderbilt University? Location: Nashville, TennesseeCampus Features: Vanderbilts campus occupies 334 acres just southwest of downtown. The campus is a designated arboretum and National Historic Landmark.Student/Faculty Ratio: 7:1Athletics: The Vanderbilt Commodores compete in the NCAA Division I Southeastern Conference (SEC)Highlights: Students can choose from 67 bachelor degree programs offered across the universitys 10 schools. Student life is active with 15 sororities, 17 fraternities, and over 500 student clubs and organizations. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Vanderbilt University had an acceptance rate of 9.6%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 9 students were admitted, making Vanderbilts admissions process highly selective. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 34,313 Percent Admitted 9.6% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 49% SAT Scores and Requirements Vanderbilt requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 43% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 700 760 Math 750 800 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Vanderbilts admitted students fall within the top 7% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Vanderbilt scored between 700 and 760, while 25% scored below 700 and 25% scored above 760. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 750 and 800, while 25% scored below 750 and 25% scored a perfect 800. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1560 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Vanderbilt. Requirements Vanderbilt does not require the SAT writing section. Note that Vanderbilt participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. At Vanderbilt, SAT Subject tests are optional. ACT Scores and Requirements Vanderbilt requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 64% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 34 35 Math 30 35 Composite 33 35 This admissions data tells us that most of Vanderbilts admitted students fall within the top 2% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Vanderbilt received a composite ACT score between 33 and 35, while 25% scored above 35 and 25% scored below 33. Requirements Note that Vanderbilt does not superscore ACT results; your highest composite ACT score will be considered. Vanderbilt does not require the ACT writing section. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of Vanderbilt Universitys incoming freshman class was 3.83. These results suggest that most successful applicants to Vanderbilt have primarily A and B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Vanderbilt University Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph.   Data  courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Vanderbilt University. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Vanderbilt University has a highly competitive admissions pool with a low acceptance rate and high average SAT/ACT scores. However, Vanderbilt has a holistic admissions process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. A strong application essay and glowing letters of recommendation can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful extracurricular activities and a rigorous course schedule. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their test scores are outside of Vanderbilts range. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. As you can see, most successful Vanderbilt applicants had GPAs in the A range, SAT scores (ERWM) of about 1300 or higher, and ACT composite scores of 28 or higher. A large number of applicants had 4.0 GPAs. Clearly, the higher your grades and test scores, the better your chance of an acceptance letter. However, many students with 4.0 GPAs and high standardized test scores are rejected each year. No matter how strong an applicant you are, you should consider Vanderbilt a reach school.   The schools selectivity is why applicants need to focus on more than grades and test scores. The admissions folks at Vanderbilt are looking for students who are likely to contribute to the campus community in meaningful ways. An applicants leadership experience, community service, and extracurricular accomplishments need to suggest that he or she will bring value to the school community. All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Vanderbilt University Undergraduate Admissions Office.